In the field of biology,
the gene theory is considered as one of the major theories. During the process
of gene transmission, the characteristics of an individual are transmitted from
the parents to the offspring.
The major constituents
of genes are DNA. They are located on chromosomes. The abnormalities within
one’s DNA can lead to genetic diseases. These abnormalities range from a small
mutation within a single gene to a set of chromosomes.
These types of diseases
are also known as hereditary diseases. There are various types of hereditary
diseases such as Sickle Cell Anaemia, Haemophilia, Diabetes and Thalassaemia.
Some of these diseases
can be identified at birth or in the early age. However, some others take
longer to identify. The time span can vary from a few months to many years.
There are numerous modes
of genetic inheritance like single gene inheritance, multifactorial
inheritance, mitochondrial inheritance and chromosome abnormalities.
Single Gene inheritance
is caused as a result of alterations which occur within the DNA sequencing of a
single gene. Multifactorial inheritance occurs as a result of the amalgamation
of numerous environmental factors as well as mutations within multiple genes.
Mitochondrial Inheritance is normally caused by the non-chromosomal DNA of
mitochondria. Chromosome abnormalities are caused because of problems within
cell division.
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